ASP.NET Core MVC Folder Structure & Program.cs Explained

ASP.NET Core MVC Folder Structure & Program.cs Explained

ASP.NET Core MVC Folder Structure & Program.cs Explained

Explore how your ASP.NET Core MVC application is organized and how Program.cs bootstraps it all.

Table of Contents:

Why Folder Structure Matters

A clean project structure makes your MVC application easier to scale, test, and maintain. In this post, we’ll explore each key folder and show you how Program.cs ties it all together.

ASP.NET Core Folder Breakdown

Folder/File Purpose
/Controllers Holds controller classes that handle HTTP requests.
/Models Contains business logic and data models.
/Views Contains Razor views organized in folders per controller. Includes Shared and layout pages.
/wwwroot Static files like CSS, JS, images, and libraries (jQuery, Bootstrap, etc).
appsettings.json Stores configuration like DB connection, logging, and custom settings.
Program.cs Application entry point. Configures services and middleware.
💡 Tip: Views are rendered inside the layout page via @RenderBody(). Shared layout, header, footer are in /Views/Shared.
⚠️ Note: Your controller methods return View() with a model that the corresponding .cshtml file receives using @model.

Program.cs & Dependency Injection

Program.cs is where it all begins. It builds the web host, registers services, and defines middleware execution order.

var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args);

// Register services
builder.Services.AddControllersWithViews();
builder.Services.AddScoped(); // Example service

var app = builder.Build();

// Configure middleware
if (!app.Environment.IsDevelopment()) {
    app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
}

app.UseStaticFiles();
app.UseRouting();

app.MapControllerRoute(
    name: "default",
    pattern: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");

app.Run();
💡 Register your services using DI so they can be injected into controllers automatically.

📌 Folder Purpose Summary Table

  • Controllers: Request handling
  • Views: Razor UI rendering
  • Models: App logic + data
  • wwwroot: Static files
  • appsettings.json: Config storage
  • Program.cs: Startup + middleware

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